Grammar - 5/26/14

Subordinating Conjunctions (memorize)
after
since
unless
although
though
than
as
when
so that
before
whenever
because
wherever
once
even if
while
*if
until

This website has a lot of information of subordinating conjunctions

What is the common mistake when using the subordinating conjunction in a sentence:  Having the S.C. function as a preposition.
ex.  After school, she walked home.
After = preposition
school = object of preposition (noun)
Another mistake is forgetting to add a subject to the dependent clause.
ex.  INCORRECT:  Before going home, she stopped at the market.
CORRECT:  Before she went home, she stopped at the market.

Outline:
Subordinating conjunction --> (leading into) dependent clause --> comma --> independent clause (simple sentence).

**You can put the subordinating conjunction in the second part of the sentence, but it changes the punctuation.
ex.  Jenny will not marry Steven if he is not rich.
- There is no comma when the S.C. is in the middle of the sentence.

* the S.C. "IF" moves the sentence from the indicative ("what is") mood to the subjunctive ("I wish") mood.

Review:
simple sentence = 1 independent clause.
ex.  I love you.
Simple sentence with a compound subject:
Sarah and Matthew married each other.
Simple sentence with compound predicate:
Jacob jumped onto his bicycle and rode it to town.

compound sentence = 2 independent clauses put together by a comma + coordinating conjunction.
ex.  Jessica poured water into the glass, but she did not drink it.
Semicolons also create compound sentences:
Compound sentence with an adverbial conjunction:
Tara is a musician; also, she is a great Shakespearean actress.
Compound sentence with transitional phrase:
Julie fell down the stairs; as a result, she broke her leg.
Basic semicolon construction sentence:  Sarah loves John; he hates her.

complex sentence = independent clause + dependent clause put together with a subordinating conjunction
ex)  After she went to school, she walked home.
After = Subordinating conjunction
After she went to school = dependent clause
she walked home = independent clause

Independent clause = subject, verb, complete thought
dependent clause = lacks a subject, verb, and/or complete thought
What is the guiding principle in writing?  Variety (use many types of sentences)

Good luck!  :)  The test is on Wednesday and will combine grammar + vocabulary.
- Dario